Which of the following is permitted on substrates beneath SFRM?

Bonding agents are utilized on substrates beneath Sprayed Fire-Resistive Material (SFRM) to enhance adhesion and ensure a strong bond between the substrate and the fireproofing material. Their function is crucial as they help in promoting better performance of the fireproofing system, particularly when the substrate is of a type that might otherwise hinder the adherence of SFRM.

In contrast, sealing tape, insulation, and waterproofing membranes are typically not permitted beneath SFRM as they can impede the proper adhesion of the fireproofing material. These elements can create barriers that prevent the SFRM from effectively bonding to the substrate, which could reduce the fire-resistance performance of the system and result in a failure to meet safety standards. Thus, the use of a bonding agent is the accepted practice for ensuring the structural integrity and effectiveness of the fireproofing installation.