What is the difference between passive and active fire protection systems?

The distinction between passive and active fire protection systems is fundamental to understanding how buildings can be designed to mitigate the impact of fire. Active fire protection systems operate by using mechanical or electrical systems, such as fire alarms, sprinkler systems, and fire extinguishers. These systems are triggered in response to fire detection and require a source of energy to function effectively, actively engaging when a fire occurs.

In contrast, passive fire protection systems are integrated into the building's structure and do not rely on mechanical or electrical means to operate. Examples include fire-resistant walls, floors, and ceilings, as well as fire doors, which act to contain fire and smoke, providing a barrier that helps prevent the spread of flames through a building. These elements are typically built during the construction phase and are designed to remain effective regardless of the presence of active systems.

Understanding this difference is crucial for effective fire safety planning, as both types of systems play complementary roles in protecting life and property during a fire incident.